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	1. 1860 Accesses	Research Relationships of PBMC microRNA expression, plasma viral load, and CD4+ T-cell count in HIV-1-infected elite suppressors and viremic patients Kenneth W Witwer, Andria K Watson, Joel N Blankson, Janice E Clements Retrovirology 2012, 9:5 (12 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary miRNA profiles, obtained using multiple acquisition, data processing, and analysis methods, distinguished ES and uninfected controls from viremic HIV-1-infected patients. For several miRNAs, however, ES and viremic patients shared similar expression patterns. Differentially expressed miRNAs included those with reported roles in HIV-1 latency (miR-29 family members, miRs -125b and -150). Others, such as miR-31 and miR-31*, had no previously reported connection with HIV-1 infection but were found here to differ significantly with uncontrolled HIV-1 replication.
	2. 1208 Accesses	Review HIV infection and HERV expression: a review Antoinette C van der Kuyl Retrovirology 2012, 9:6 (16 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The human genome contains multiple copies of retrovirus genomes known as endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) that have entered the germ-line at some point in evolution. This review discusses how HIV-1 infection influences the expression of HERVs.
	3. 500 Accesses	Review The discovery of endogenous retroviruses Robin A Weiss Retrovirology 2006, 3:67 (3 October 2006) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central
	4. 475 Accesses	Research Host cell species-specific effect of cyclosporine A on simian immunodeficiency virus replication Hiroaki Takeuchi, Hiroshi Ishii, Tetsuya Kuwano, Natsuko Inagaki, Hirofumi Akari, Tetsuro Matano Retrovirology 2012, 9:3 (6 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This paper shows that CsA treatment enhanced SIV replication in human T cells but abrogated SIV replication in macaque T cells, implying a host cell species-specific effect of CsA on SIV replication. Further analyses indicated a positive effect of CypA on SIV infection into macaque but not into human T cells. These results suggest possible contribution of CypA to the determination of SIV tropism.
	5. 463 Accesses	Editorial The 2011 Retrovirology Prize winner Masao Matsuoka: forward looking and antisense Kuan-Teh Jeang Retrovirology 2011, 8:102 (15 December 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Masao Matsuoka wins the 2011 Retrovirology Prize
	6. 462 Accesses	Research Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST-2) restricts mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) replication in vivo Philip H Jones, Harshini V Mehta, Martina Maric, Richard J Roller, Chioma M Okeoma Retrovirology 2012, 9:10 (27 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The findings in this work show that BST-2 restricts MMTV release from naturally infected cells and that BST-2 is an antiviral factor in vivo.
	7. 461 Accesses	Research Identification of an endogenous retroviral envelope gene with fusogenic activity and placenta-specific expression in the rabbit: a new "syncytin" in a third order of mammals Odile Heidmann, Cécile Vernochet, Anne Dupressoir, Thierry Heidmann Retrovirology 2009, 6:107 (27 November 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central
	8. 394 Accesses	Short report Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope proteins traffic toward virion assembly sites via a TBC1D20/Rab1-regulated pathway Dikla Nachmias, Ella H Sklan, Marcelo Ehrlich, Eran Bacharach Retrovirology 2012, 9:7 (19 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Excessive TBC1D20 activity perturbs the early trafficking of HIV-1 envelope protein through the secretory pathway. Overexpression of TBC1D20 hampered envelope processing and reduced its association with detergent-resistant membranes, entailing a reduction in infectivity of HIV-1 virion like particles (VLPs).
	9. 386 Accesses	Review Interactions between prostaglandins, leukotrienes and HIV-1: Possible implications for the central nervous system Jonathan Bertin, Corinne Barat, Sylvie Méthot, Michel J Tremblay Retrovirology 2012, 9:4 (11 January 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The eicosanoids - prostanoids and leukotrienes - are known as potent inflammatory lipid mediators. They are often present in neuroinflammatory diseases, notably HIV-1 infection. Their exact modulatory role in HIV-1 infection is however still poorly understood, especially in the CNS compartment. Nonetheless, a handful of studies have provided evidence as to how these lipid mediators can modulate HIV-1 infection. This review summarizes findings indicating how eicosanoids may influence the progression of neuroAIDS.
	10. 364 Accesses	Review Host-virus interaction: a new role for microRNAs Vinod Scaria, Manoj Hariharan, Souvik Maiti, Beena Pillai, Samir K Brahmachari Retrovirology 2006, 3:68 (11 October 2006) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| 3 comments
	11. 363 Accesses	Research Translation of MMTV Gag requires nuclear events involving splicing motifs in addition to the viral Rem protein and RmRE Ioana Boeras, Michael Sakalian, John T West Retrovirology 2012, 9:8 (25 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This paper shows that the translation of MMTV Gag mRNA is negatively regulated by a nuclear "experience" and that viral Rem protein, viral RmRE sequence,and a splice donor and acceptor are needed to counter the negative translational effect on Gag mRNA in the cytoplasm.
	12. 356 Accesses	Commentary A reflection on HIV/AIDS research after 25 years Robert C Gallo Retrovirology 2006, 3:72 (20 October 2006) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| 1 comment
	13. 343 Accesses	Viewpoints SAMHD1: a new insight into HIV-1 restriction in myeloid cells Corine St Gelais, Li Wu Retrovirology 2011, 8:55 (8 July 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Human myeloid-lineage cells are refractory to HIV-1 infection. The Vpx proteins from HIV-2 and sooty mangabey SIV render these cells permissive to HIV-1 infection through proteasomal degradation of a putative restriction factor. Two recent studies discovered the cellular protein SAMHD1 to be this restriction factor, demonstrating that Vpx induces proteasomal degradation of SAMHD1 and enhances HIV-1 infection in myeloid-lineage cells. SAMHD1 functions as a myeloid-cell-specific HIV-1 restriction factor by inhibiting viral DNA synthesis. Here we discuss the implications of these findings in delineating the mechanisms of HIV-1 restriction in myeloid-lineage cells and the potential role of Vpx in lentiviral pathogenesis.
	14. 340 Accesses	Research Systemic inhibition of myeloid dendritic cells by circulating HLA class I molecules in HIV-1 infection Jinghe Huang, Maha Al-Mozaini, Jerome Rogich, Mary F. Carrington, Katherine Seiss, Florencia Pereyra, Mathias Lichterfeld, Xu G. Yu Retrovirology 2012, 9:11 (30 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary During progressive HIV-1 infection, soluble HLA class I molecules can contribute to systemic immune dysfunction by inhibiting the antigen-presenting properties of myeloid dendritic cells through interactions with inhibitory myelomonocytic HLA class I receptors.
	15. 334 Accesses	Research Disease-associated XMRV sequences are consistent with laboratory contamination Stéphane Hué, Eleanor R Gray, Astrid Gall, Aris Katzourakis, Choon Tan, Charlotte J Houldcroft, Stuart McLaren, Deenan Pillay, Andrew Futreal, Jeremy A Garson, Oliver G Pybus, Paul Kellam, Greg J Towers Retrovirology 2010, 7:111 (20 December 2010) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central \| 2 comments \| F1000 Biology \| Editor’s summary We demonstrate that Taqman PCR primers previously described as XMRV-specific can amplify common murine endogenous viral sequences from mouse suggesting that mouse DNA can contaminate patient samples and confound specific XMRV detection. To consider the provenance of XMRV we sequenced XMRV from the cell line 22Rv1, which is infected with an MLV-X that is indistinguishable from patient derived XMRV. Bayesian phylogenies clearly show that XMRV sequences reportedly derived from unlinked patients form a monophyletic clade with interspersed 22Rv1 clones (posterior probability >0.99). The cell line-derived sequences are ancestral to the patient-derived sequences (posterior probability >0.99). Furthermore, pol sequences apparently amplified from PC patient material (VP29 and VP184) are recombinants of XMRV and Moloney MLV (MoMLV) a virus with an envelope that lacks tropism for human cells. Considering the diversity of XMRV we show that the mean pairwise genetic distance among env and pol 22Rv1-derived sequences exceeds that of patient-associated sequences (Wilcoxon rank sum test: p=0.005 and p<0.001 for pol and env, respectively). Thus XMRV sequences acquire diversity in a cell line but not in patient samples. These observations are difficult to reconcile with the hypothesis that published XMRV sequences are related by a process of infectious transmission.
	16. 314 Accesses	Commentary A historical reflection on the discovery of human retroviruses Anders Vahlne Retrovirology 2009, 6:40 (1 May 2009) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| 1 comment
	17. 314 Accesses	Research HIV-1 Group P is unable to antagonize human tetherin by Vpu, Env or Nef Daniel Sauter, Stephane Hue, Sarah J Petit, Jean-Christophe Plantier, Greg J Towers, Frank Kirchhoff, Ravindra K Gupta Retrovirology 2011, 8:103 (15 December 2011) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The analyses of the two reported HIV-1 Group P viruses suggest that zoonosis occurred in the last 170 years and further support that pandemic HIV-1 Group M strains are better adapted to humans than non-pandemic or rare Group O, N and P viruses.
	18. 301 Accesses	Research Identification, characterization, and comparative genomic distribution of the HERV-K (HML-2) group of human endogenous retroviruses Ravi P Subramanian, Julia H Wildschutte, Crystal Russo, John M Coffin Retrovirology 2011, 8:90 (8 November 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| 1 comment \| Editor’s summary This study presents the most comprehensive and accurate catalog of all full-length and partial HML-2 proviruses, as well as solo LTR elements, within the published human genome to date.
	19. 287 Accesses	Review Innate immune recognition and activation during HIV infection Trine H Mogensen, Jesper Melchjorsen, Carsten S Larsen, Søren R Paludan Retrovirology 2010, 7:54 (22 June 2010) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed
	20. 285 Accesses	Short report The W100 pocket on HIV-1 gp120 penetrated by b12 is not a target for other CD4bs monoclonal antibodies Maria J Duenas-Decamp, Olivia J O'Connell, Davide Corti, Susan Zolla-Pazner, Paul R Clapham Retrovirology 2012, 9:9 (27 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study indicates that the b12 W100 pocket on gp120 is targeted infrequently by CD4bs mabs. This site is therefore not a priority for preservation in vaccines aiming to elicit antibodies targeting the CD4bs.
	21. 281 Accesses	Research A whole genome screen for HIV restriction factors Li Liu, Nidia MM Oliveira, Kelly M Cheney, Corinna Pade, Hanna Dreja, Ann-Marie H Bergin, Viola Borgdorff, David H Beach, Cleo L Bishop, Matthias T Dittmar, Áine McKnight Retrovirology 2011, 8:94 (14 November 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This work screened 19,121 human genes and identified 114 factors with significant inhibition of HIV-1 infection. The authors focused on the PAF1 complex for its restriction activity.
	22. 271 Accesses	Research Inhibition of HIV-1 infection by TNPO3 depletion is determined by capsid and detectable after viral cDNA enters the nucleus Alberto De Iaco, Jeremy Luban Retrovirology 2011, 8:98 (6 December 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This work shows that TNPO3 promotes HIV-1 infectivity at a step in the virus life cycle that is detectable after the preintegration complex arrives in the nucleus and CA is the viral determinant for TNPO3 dependence.
	23. 261 Accesses	Commentary The pathogenesis of HIV infection: stupid may not be so dumb after all Stephen M Smith Retrovirology 2006, 3:60 (8 September 2006) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Cited on BioMed Central
	24. 257 Accesses	Research Mutations affecting interaction of integrase with TNPO3 do not prevent HIV-1 cDNA nuclear import Alexandra Cribier, Emmanuel Segeral, Olivier Delelis, Vincent Parissi, Aurelie Simon, Marc Ruff, Richard Benarous, Stephane Emiliani Retrovirology 2011, 8:104 (16 December 2011) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The functional analysis of HIV-1 IN mutants reveals distinct structural basis for TNPO3 interaction and suggests that the interaction between IN and TNPO3 is not a major determinant of nuclear import but could take place at a nuclear step prior to integration.
	25. 256 Accesses	Research The prototype HIV-1 maturation inhibitor, bevirimat, binds to the CA-SP1 cleavage site in immature Gag particles Albert T Nguyen, Christa L Feasley, Ken W Jackson, Theodore J Nitz, Karl Salzwedel, Gillian M Air, Michael Sakalian Retrovirology 2011, 8:101 (7 December 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This is the first demonstration of a direct interaction between the maturation inhibitor, bevirimat, and its target, Gag. Information gained from this study sheds light on the mechanisms by which the virus develops resistance to this class of drug and may aid in the design of next-generation maturation inhibitors.