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The chemistry and biology of KP-1461, a selective nucleoside mutagen for HIV therapy

KP-1461 is a deoxycytidine analogue that is randomly inserted into HIV DNA by reverse transcriptase where it can cause base mispairing and introduce mutations that decrease viral fitness. The nucleoside consists of a natural deoxyribose for efficient use by the viral polymerase and a modified base that undergoes tautomerization between a cytosine form and a thymine form that exclusively causes transitional mutations. In vitro testing showed ablation of HIV when used in a serial passage format [1]. Host cell nuclear polymerases alpha and beta have a high Km for KP-1461 triphosphate that could preclude incorporation into nuclear DNA. KP-1461 has successfully completed preclinical testing including animal toxicology studies, a complete panel of genotoxicity assessments, and acute cardio, pulmonary and neurotoxicity tests. A single dose Phase 1a clinical trial in healthy volunteers showed safety and PK to continue clinical development. A Phase 1b study is currently underway in ARV-experienced HIV+ patients.

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  1. Harris KS, Brabant W, Styrchak S, Gall A: Daifuku R KP-1212/1461, a nucleoside designed for the treatment of HIV by viral mutagenesis. Antiviral Res. 2005, 67: 1-9. 10.1016/j.antiviral.2005.03.004.

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Correspondence to John Reno.

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Open Access This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Harris, K., Sergueev, D. & Reno, J. The chemistry and biology of KP-1461, a selective nucleoside mutagen for HIV therapy. Retrovirology 3 (Suppl 1), S13 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-3-S1-S13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-3-S1-S13

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