HIV-1 Vif, APOBEC, and Intrinsic Immunity
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* Corresponding author: Klaus Strebel kstrebel@niaid.nih.gov
Retrovirology 2008, 5:51 doi:10.1186/1742-4690-5-51
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BioMed Central: 17 citations
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Review
The role of unintegrated DNA in HIV infection Richard D Sloan, Mark A Wainberg Retrovirology 2011, 8:52 (1 July 2011) Integration of the reverse transcribed viral genome into host chromatin is the hallmark of retroviral replication. Yet, during natural HIV infection, various viral unintegrated DNA forms exist in abundance. Though linear viral cDNA is the precursor to integrated provirus, increasing evidence suggests that transcription and translation of unintegrated DNAs prior to integration may aid productive infection through the expression of early viral genes. Additionally, unintegrated DNA has the capacity to result in preintegration latency, or to be rescued and yield productive infection and so unintegrated DNA, in some circumstances, may be considered to be a viral reservoir. Recently, there has been interest in further defining the role and function of unintegrated viral DNAs, in part because the use of anti-HIV integrase inhibitors leads to an abundance of unintegrated DNA, but also because of the potential use of non-integrating lentiviral vectors in gene therapy and vaccines. There is now increased understanding that unintegrated viral DNA can either arise from, or be degraded through, interactions with host DNA repair enzymes that may represent a form of host antiviral defence. This review focuses on the role of unintegrated DNA in HIV infection and additionally considers the potential implications for antiviral therapy.
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Research
Ayumu Kuroishi, Katarzyna Bozek, Tatsuo Shioda, Emi E Nakayama Retrovirology 2010, 7:58 (7 July 2010) By long-term cultivation of human CEMss cells infected with NL-4/5S6/7SvifS, the impaired replicative capability of the virus in human cells was rescued. Sequence analysis of the CA region of the adapted virus revealed a G-to-E substitution at the 116th position of the CA (G116E). Introduction of this substitution into the molecular DNA clone of NL-4/5S6/7SvifS indeed improved the virus' replicative capability in human cells.
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Review
The macrophage in HIV-1 infection: From activation to deactivation? Georges Herbein, Audrey Varin Retrovirology 2010, 7:33 (9 April 2010) |
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Review
Host hindrance to HIV-1 replication in monocytes and macrophages Anna Bergamaschi, Gianfranco Pancino Retrovirology 2010, 7:31 (7 April 2010) |
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Review
Laurence Colin, Carine Van Lint Retrovirology 2009, 6:111 (4 December 2009) |
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Research
Mohammad A Khan, Ritu Goila-Gaur, Sandra Kao, Eri Miyagi, Robert C Walker, Klaus Strebel Retrovirology 2009, 6:99 (3 November 2009) |
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Minireview
Human cellular restriction factors that target HIV-1 replication Klaus Strebel, Jeremy Luban, Kuan-Teh Jeang BMC Medicine 2009, 7:48 (16 September 2009) Although different host cell factors act to inhibit viral replication and limit infection, HIV-1 has a number of measures to counteract this function; Strebel, Luban and Jeang review our current understanding of these interactions.
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Research
Ayumu Kuroishi, Akatsuki Saito, Yasuhiro Shingai, Tatsuo Shioda, Masako Nomaguchi, Akio Adachi, Hirofumi Akari, Emi E Nakayama Retrovirology 2009, 6:70 (3 August 2009) |
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Short report
Eva-K Pauli, Mirco Schmolke, Henning Hofmann, Christina Ehrhardt, Egbert Flory, Carsten Münk, Stephan Ludwig Retrovirology 2009, 6:38 (16 April 2009) |
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Research
Tao Zhou, Yanxing Han, Ying Dang, Xiaojun Wang, Yong-Hui Zheng Retrovirology 2009, 6:31 (3 April 2009) |
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Review
When is it time for reverse transcription to start and go? Marylène Mougel, Laurent Houzet, Jean-Luc Darlix Retrovirology 2009, 6:24 (4 March 2009) |
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Research
Joel A Vázquez-Pérez, Christopher E Ormsby, Ramón Hernández-Juan, Klintsy J Torres, Gustavo Reyes-Terán Retrovirology 2009, 6:23 (2 March 2009) |
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Research
Rebecca A Russell, Michael D Moore, Wei-Shau Hu, Vinay K Pathak Retrovirology 2009, 6:16 (13 February 2009) |
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Research
MDM2 is a novel E3 ligase for HIV-1 Vif Taisuke Izumi, Akifumi Takaori-Kondo, Kotaro Shirakawa, Hiroaki Higashitsuji, Katsuhiko Itoh, Katsuhiro Io, Masashi Matsui, Kazuhiro Iwai, Hiroshi Kondoh, Toshihiro Sato, Mitsunori Tomonaga, Satoru Ikeda, Hirofumi Akari, Yoshio Koyanagi, Jun Fujita, Takashi Uchiyama Retrovirology 2009, 6:1 (7 January 2009) |
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Commentary
25 years of HIV-1 research – progress and perspectives Mark A Wainberg, Kuan-Teh Jeang BMC Medicine 2008, 6:31 (31 October 2008) 25 years after the isolation of the human immunodeficiency virus, Mark Wainberg and Kuan-Teh Jeang highlight the achievements in HIV research and reflect on future challenges in the field.
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Research
Lin Li, Dong Liang, Jing-yun Li, Richard Y Zhao Retrovirology 2008, 5:72 (4 August 2008) |
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Commentary
APOBEC3G encapsidation into HIV-1 virions: which RNA is it? Klaus Strebel, Mohammad A Khan Retrovirology 2008, 5:55 (2 July 2008) |