Comparative biochemical analysis of HIV-1 subtype B and C integrase enzymes
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* Corresponding author: Mark A Wainberg mark.wainberg@mcgill.ca
Retrovirology 2009, 6:103 doi:10.1186/1742-4690-6-103
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Review
Novel therapeutic strategies targeting HIV integrase Peter K Quashie, Richard D Sloan, Mark A Wainberg BMC Medicine 2012, 10:34 (12 April 2012) Replication of HIV can be inhibited by viral integrase enzyme inhibitors, and the therapeutic potential of these compounds, as well as the development of novel antiviral drugs are reviewed here by Mark A Wainberg and colleagues.
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Review
The role of unintegrated DNA in HIV infection Richard D Sloan, Mark A Wainberg Retrovirology 2011, 8:52 (1 July 2011) Integration of the reverse transcribed viral genome into host chromatin is the hallmark of retroviral replication. Yet, during natural HIV infection, various viral unintegrated DNA forms exist in abundance. Though linear viral cDNA is the precursor to integrated provirus, increasing evidence suggests that transcription and translation of unintegrated DNAs prior to integration may aid productive infection through the expression of early viral genes. Additionally, unintegrated DNA has the capacity to result in preintegration latency, or to be rescued and yield productive infection and so unintegrated DNA, in some circumstances, may be considered to be a viral reservoir. Recently, there has been interest in further defining the role and function of unintegrated viral DNAs, in part because the use of anti-HIV integrase inhibitors leads to an abundance of unintegrated DNA, but also because of the potential use of non-integrating lentiviral vectors in gene therapy and vaccines. There is now increased understanding that unintegrated viral DNA can either arise from, or be degraded through, interactions with host DNA repair enzymes that may represent a form of host antiviral defence. This review focuses on the role of unintegrated DNA in HIV infection and additionally considers the potential implications for antiviral therapy.
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