Figure 4.

The Role of HTLV-1 Infection of HSCs: Potential Mechanisms for Generation of an Infectious Leukemic Stem Cell (ILSC/ICSC). HTLV-1 infection and subsequent Tax1 expression can lead to either cell cycle arrest or generation of pre-leukemic stem cells (pre-LSC/CSC) from infected CD34⁺ hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells (HP/HSCs).