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		Research Systemic inhibition of myeloid dendritic cells by circulating HLA class I molecules in HIV-1 infection Jinghe Huang, Maha Al-Mozaini, Jerome Rogich, Mary F. Carrington, Katherine Seiss, Florencia Pereyra, Mathias Lichterfeld, Xu G. Yu Retrovirology 2012, 9:11 (30 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary During progressive HIV-1 infection, soluble HLA class I molecules can contribute to systemic immune dysfunction by inhibiting the antigen-presenting properties of myeloid dendritic cells through interactions with inhibitory myelomonocytic HLA class I receptors.
		Research Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST-2) restricts mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) replication in vivo Philip H Jones, Harshini V Mehta, Martina Maric, Richard J Roller, Chioma M Okeoma Retrovirology 2012, 9:10 (27 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The findings in this work show that BST-2 restricts MMTV release from naturally infected cells and that BST-2 is an antiviral factor in vivo.
		Short report The W100 pocket on HIV-1 gp120 penetrated by b12 is not a target for other CD4bs monoclonal antibodies Maria J Duenas-Decamp, Olivia J O'Connell, Davide Corti, Susan Zolla-Pazner, Paul R Clapham Retrovirology 2012, 9:9 (27 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study indicates that the b12 W100 pocket on gp120 is targeted infrequently by CD4bs mabs. This site is therefore not a priority for preservation in vaccines aiming to elicit antibodies targeting the CD4bs.
		Research Translation of MMTV Gag requires nuclear events involving splicing motifs in addition to the viral Rem protein and RmRE Ioana Boeras, Michael Sakalian, John T West Retrovirology 2012, 9:8 (25 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This paper shows that the translation of MMTV Gag mRNA is negatively regulated by a nuclear "experience" and that viral Rem protein, viral RmRE sequence,and a splice donor and acceptor are needed to counter the negative translational effect on Gag mRNA in the cytoplasm.
		Short report Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope proteins traffic toward virion assembly sites via a TBC1D20/Rab1-regulated pathway Dikla Nachmias, Ella H Sklan, Marcelo Ehrlich, Eran Bacharach Retrovirology 2012, 9:7 (19 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Excessive TBC1D20 activity perturbs the early trafficking of HIV-1 envelope protein through the secretory pathway. Overexpression of TBC1D20 hampered envelope processing and reduced its association with detergent-resistant membranes, entailing a reduction in infectivity of HIV-1 virion like particles (VLPs).
		Review HIV infection and HERV expression: a review Antoinette C van der Kuyl Retrovirology 2012, 9:6 (16 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The human genome contains multiple copies of retrovirus genomes known as endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) that have entered the germ-line at some point in evolution. This review discusses how HIV-1 infection influences the expression of HERVs.
		Research Relationships of PBMC microRNA expression, plasma viral load, and CD4+ T-cell count in HIV-1-infected elite suppressors and viremic patients Kenneth W Witwer, Andria K Watson, Joel N Blankson, Janice E Clements Retrovirology 2012, 9:5 (12 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary miRNA profiles, obtained using multiple acquisition, data processing, and analysis methods, distinguished ES and uninfected controls from viremic HIV-1-infected patients. For several miRNAs, however, ES and viremic patients shared similar expression patterns. Differentially expressed miRNAs included those with reported roles in HIV-1 latency (miR-29 family members, miRs -125b and -150). Others, such as miR-31 and miR-31*, had no previously reported connection with HIV-1 infection but were found here to differ significantly with uncontrolled HIV-1 replication.
		Review Interactions between prostaglandins, leukotrienes and HIV-1: Possible implications for the central nervous system Jonathan Bertin, Corinne Barat, Sylvie Méthot, Michel J Tremblay Retrovirology 2012, 9:4 (11 January 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The eicosanoids - prostanoids and leukotrienes - are known as potent inflammatory lipid mediators. They are often present in neuroinflammatory diseases, notably HIV-1 infection. Their exact modulatory role in HIV-1 infection is however still poorly understood, especially in the CNS compartment. Nonetheless, a handful of studies have provided evidence as to how these lipid mediators can modulate HIV-1 infection. This review summarizes findings indicating how eicosanoids may influence the progression of neuroAIDS.
		Research Host cell species-specific effect of cyclosporine A on simian immunodeficiency virus replication Hiroaki Takeuchi, Hiroshi Ishii, Tetsuya Kuwano, Natsuko Inagaki, Hirofumi Akari, Tetsuro Matano Retrovirology 2012, 9:3 (6 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This paper shows that CsA treatment enhanced SIV replication in human T cells but abrogated SIV replication in macaque T cells, implying a host cell species-specific effect of CsA on SIV replication. Further analyses indicated a positive effect of CypA on SIV infection into macaque but not into human T cells. These results suggest possible contribution of CypA to the determination of SIV tropism.
		Commentary How the DNA damage response determines the fate of HTLV-1 Tax-expressing cells Mathieu Boxus, Luc Willems Retrovirology 2012, 9:2 (5 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary How the Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax protein stimulates proliferation while triggering cell cycle arrest and senescence remains puzzling. There is also a debate about the ability of Tax to activate or inhibit the DNA damage response. Here, it is discussed how to rationalize apparently conflicting observations.
		Research The role of G Protein Gene GNB3 C825T Polymorphism in HIV-1 acquisition, progression and immune activation Jennifer A Juno, Jeffrey Tuff, Robert Choi, Catherine Card, Joshua Kimani, Charles Wachihi, Sandra Koesters-Kiazyk, T. Blake Ball, Carey Farquhar, Francis A Plummer, Grace John-Stewart, Ma Luo, Keith R Fowke Retrovirology 2012, 9:1 (3 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary In contrast to previous reports, this study was unable to provide evidence to suggest that the GNB3 C825T polymorphism affects HIV-1 acquisition or disease progression within African populations. Ex vivo immune activation and plasma chemokine levels were similarly unaffected by GNB3 genotype in both HIV-1-negative and HIV-1-positive individuals.
		Research Mutations affecting interaction of integrase with TNPO3 do not prevent HIV-1 cDNA nuclear import Alexandra Cribier, Emmanuel Segeral, Olivier Delelis, Vincent Parissi, Aurelie Simon, Marc Ruff, Richard Benarous, Stephane Emiliani Retrovirology 2011, 8:104 (16 December 2011) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The functional analysis of HIV-1 IN mutants reveals distinct structural basis for TNPO3 interaction and suggests that the interaction between IN and TNPO3 is not a major determinant of nuclear import but could take place at a nuclear step prior to integration.
		Research HIV-1 Group P is unable to antagonize human tetherin by Vpu, Env or Nef Daniel Sauter, Stephane Hue, Sarah J Petit, Jean-Christophe Plantier, Greg J Towers, Frank Kirchhoff, Ravindra K Gupta Retrovirology 2011, 8:103 (15 December 2011) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The analyses of the two reported HIV-1 Group P viruses suggest that zoonosis occurred in the last 170 years and further support that pandemic HIV-1 Group M strains are better adapted to humans than non-pandemic or rare Group O, N and P viruses.
		Editorial The 2011 Retrovirology Prize winner Masao Matsuoka: forward looking and antisense Kuan-Teh Jeang Retrovirology 2011, 8:102 (15 December 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Masao Matsuoka wins the 2011 Retrovirology Prize
		Research The prototype HIV-1 maturation inhibitor, bevirimat, binds to the CA-SP1 cleavage site in immature Gag particles Albert T Nguyen, Christa L Feasley, Ken W Jackson, Theodore J Nitz, Karl Salzwedel, Gillian M Air, Michael Sakalian Retrovirology 2011, 8:101 (7 December 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This is the first demonstration of a direct interaction between the maturation inhibitor, bevirimat, and its target, Gag. Information gained from this study sheds light on the mechanisms by which the virus develops resistance to this class of drug and may aid in the design of next-generation maturation inhibitors.
		Research Functional impairment of Tax-specific but not cytomegalovirus-specific CD8⁺T lymphocytes in a minor population of asymptomatic human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-carriers Ayako Takamori, Atsuhiko Hasegawa, Atae Utsunomiya, Yasuhiro Maeda, Yoshihisa Yamano, Masato Masuda, Yukiko Shimizu, Yotaro Tamai, Amane Sasada, Na Zeng, Ilseung Choi, Naokuni Uike, Jun Okamura, Toshiki Watanabe, Takao Masuda, Mari Kannagi Retrovirology 2011, 8:100 (7 December 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This work indicates that Tax-specific CD8+ T-cells are scarce and dysfunctional not only in ATL patients but also in a limited asymptomatic carrier population, and that the dysfunction was selective for HTLV-1-specifc CD8+ T-cells in early stages.
		Research Inhibition of HIV-1 endocytosis allows lipid mixing at the plasma membrane, but not complete fusion Michelle de la Vega, Mariana Marin, Naoyuki Kondo, Kosuke Miyauchi, Yuri Kim, Raquel F Epand, Richard M Epand, Gregory B Melikyan Retrovirology 2011, 8:99 (6 December 2011) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Findings here support the notion that HIV-1 enters disparate cell types through fusion with endosomes. The block of HIV-1 fusion with the plasma membrane at a post-lipid mixing stage shows that this membrane is not conducive to fusion pore formation and/or enlargement.
		Research Inhibition of HIV-1 infection by TNPO3 depletion is determined by capsid and detectable after viral cDNA enters the nucleus Alberto De Iaco, Jeremy Luban Retrovirology 2011, 8:98 (6 December 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This work shows that TNPO3 promotes HIV-1 infectivity at a step in the virus life cycle that is detectable after the preintegration complex arrives in the nucleus and CA is the viral determinant for TNPO3 dependence.
		Research Prolonged control of replication-competent dual tropic human immunodeficiency virus-1 following cessation of highly active antiretroviral therapy Maria Salgado, S.Alireza Rabi, Karen A O'Connell, Robert W Buckheit, Justin R Bailey, Amina A Chaudhry, Autumn R Breaud, Mark A Marzinke, William Clarke, Joseph B Margolick, Robert F Siliciano, Joel N Blankson Retrovirology 2011, 8:97 (5 December 2011) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This report suggests that some patients may be capable of controlling pathogenic HIV-1 isolates for extended periods of time after the cessation of HAART through a mechanism that is distinct from the potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) mediated suppression that has been reported in many ES.
		Research Binding of more than one Tva800 molecule is required for ASLV-A entry Eleanor R Gray, Christopher JR Illingworth, John M Coffin, Jonathan P Stoye Retrovirology 2011, 8:96 (18 November 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Previous studies have focussed on the multiplicity of viral envelope proteins needed to initiate entry. Avian sarcoma and leukosis virus Envelope protein (ASLV Env) mediates entry via a receptor, Tva, which can be attached to the cell surface either by a phospholipid anchor (Tva800) or a transmembrane domain (Tva950). This paper has investigated the number of target receptors necessary for entry of ASLV Env-pseudotyped virions.
		Research Human HERC5 restricts an early stage of HIV-1 assembly by a mechanism correlating with the ISGylation of Gag Matthew W Woods, Jenna N Kelly, Clayton J Hattlmann, Jessica GK Tong, Li S Xu, Macon D Coleman, Graeme R Quest, James R Smiley, Stephen D Barr Retrovirology 2011, 8:95 (17 November 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary HERC5 inhibited the replication of HIV-1 over multiple rounds of infection and was found to target a late stage of HIV-1 particle production. The E3 ligase activity of HERC5 was required for blocking HIV-1 Gag particle production and correlated with the post-translational modification of Gag with ISG15. HERC5 interacted with HIV-1 Gag.
		Research A whole genome screen for HIV restriction factors Li Liu, Nidia MM Oliveira, Kelly M Cheney, Corinna Pade, Hanna Dreja, Ann-Marie H Bergin, Viola Borgdorff, David H Beach, Cleo L Bishop, Matthias T Dittmar, Áine McKnight Retrovirology 2011, 8:94 (14 November 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This work screened 19,121 human genes and identified 114 factors with significant inhibition of HIV-1 infection. The authors focused on the PAF1 complex for its restriction activity.
		Research TRIM5alpha associates with proteasomal subunits in cells while in complex with HIV-1 virions Zana Lukic, Stephane Hausmann, Sarah Sebastian, Justin Rucci, Jaya Sastri, Seth L Robia, Jeremy Luban, Edward M Campbell Retrovirology 2011, 8:93 (12 November 2011) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This paper provides evidence that localization of the proteasome to TRIM5alpha cytoplasmic bodies makes an important contribution to TRIM5alpha-mediated restriction.
		Research Residual HIV-1 DNA Flap-independent nuclear import of cPPT/CTS double mutant viruses does not support spreading infection Candela Iglesias, Mathieu Ringeard, Francesca Di Nunzio, Juliette Fernandez, Raphael Gaudin, Philippe Souque, Pierre Charneau, Nathalie Arhel Retrovirology 2011, 8:92 (10 November 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This work establishes that the central DNA Flap is required for HIV-1 spreading infection but points to a residual DNA Flap independent nuclear import, whose functional significance remains unclear since it is not sufficient to support viral replication.
		Short report An autoimmune disease prevented by anti-retroviral drugs Gabriele B Beck-Engeser, Dan Eilat, Matthias Wabl Retrovirology 2011, 8:91 (8 November 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The findings in this paper suggest that retroelements contribute to this hereditary form of autoimmunity, and that treatment with retroelement inhibitors might ameliorate Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome in humans.

	All
		Research Systemic inhibition of myeloid dendritic cells by circulating HLA class I molecules in HIV-1 infection Jinghe Huang, Maha Al-Mozaini, Jerome Rogich, Mary F. Carrington, Katherine Seiss, Florencia Pereyra, Mathias Lichterfeld, Xu G. Yu Retrovirology 2012, 9:11 (30 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary During progressive HIV-1 infection, soluble HLA class I molecules can contribute to systemic immune dysfunction by inhibiting the antigen-presenting properties of myeloid dendritic cells through interactions with inhibitory myelomonocytic HLA class I receptors.
		Research Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST-2) restricts mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) replication in vivo Philip H Jones, Harshini V Mehta, Martina Maric, Richard J Roller, Chioma M Okeoma Retrovirology 2012, 9:10 (27 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The findings in this work show that BST-2 restricts MMTV release from naturally infected cells and that BST-2 is an antiviral factor in vivo.
		Short report The W100 pocket on HIV-1 gp120 penetrated by b12 is not a target for other CD4bs monoclonal antibodies Maria J Duenas-Decamp, Olivia J O'Connell, Davide Corti, Susan Zolla-Pazner, Paul R Clapham Retrovirology 2012, 9:9 (27 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This study indicates that the b12 W100 pocket on gp120 is targeted infrequently by CD4bs mabs. This site is therefore not a priority for preservation in vaccines aiming to elicit antibodies targeting the CD4bs.
		Research Translation of MMTV Gag requires nuclear events involving splicing motifs in addition to the viral Rem protein and RmRE Ioana Boeras, Michael Sakalian, John T West Retrovirology 2012, 9:8 (25 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This paper shows that the translation of MMTV Gag mRNA is negatively regulated by a nuclear "experience" and that viral Rem protein, viral RmRE sequence,and a splice donor and acceptor are needed to counter the negative translational effect on Gag mRNA in the cytoplasm.
		Short report Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope proteins traffic toward virion assembly sites via a TBC1D20/Rab1-regulated pathway Dikla Nachmias, Ella H Sklan, Marcelo Ehrlich, Eran Bacharach Retrovirology 2012, 9:7 (19 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Excessive TBC1D20 activity perturbs the early trafficking of HIV-1 envelope protein through the secretory pathway. Overexpression of TBC1D20 hampered envelope processing and reduced its association with detergent-resistant membranes, entailing a reduction in infectivity of HIV-1 virion like particles (VLPs).
		Review HIV infection and HERV expression: a review Antoinette C van der Kuyl Retrovirology 2012, 9:6 (16 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The human genome contains multiple copies of retrovirus genomes known as endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) that have entered the germ-line at some point in evolution. This review discusses how HIV-1 infection influences the expression of HERVs.
		Research Relationships of PBMC microRNA expression, plasma viral load, and CD4+ T-cell count in HIV-1-infected elite suppressors and viremic patients Kenneth W Witwer, Andria K Watson, Joel N Blankson, Janice E Clements Retrovirology 2012, 9:5 (12 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary miRNA profiles, obtained using multiple acquisition, data processing, and analysis methods, distinguished ES and uninfected controls from viremic HIV-1-infected patients. For several miRNAs, however, ES and viremic patients shared similar expression patterns. Differentially expressed miRNAs included those with reported roles in HIV-1 latency (miR-29 family members, miRs -125b and -150). Others, such as miR-31 and miR-31*, had no previously reported connection with HIV-1 infection but were found here to differ significantly with uncontrolled HIV-1 replication.
		Review Interactions between prostaglandins, leukotrienes and HIV-1: Possible implications for the central nervous system Jonathan Bertin, Corinne Barat, Sylvie Méthot, Michel J Tremblay Retrovirology 2012, 9:4 (11 January 2012) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The eicosanoids - prostanoids and leukotrienes - are known as potent inflammatory lipid mediators. They are often present in neuroinflammatory diseases, notably HIV-1 infection. Their exact modulatory role in HIV-1 infection is however still poorly understood, especially in the CNS compartment. Nonetheless, a handful of studies have provided evidence as to how these lipid mediators can modulate HIV-1 infection. This review summarizes findings indicating how eicosanoids may influence the progression of neuroAIDS.
		Research Host cell species-specific effect of cyclosporine A on simian immunodeficiency virus replication Hiroaki Takeuchi, Hiroshi Ishii, Tetsuya Kuwano, Natsuko Inagaki, Hirofumi Akari, Tetsuro Matano Retrovirology 2012, 9:3 (6 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This paper shows that CsA treatment enhanced SIV replication in human T cells but abrogated SIV replication in macaque T cells, implying a host cell species-specific effect of CsA on SIV replication. Further analyses indicated a positive effect of CypA on SIV infection into macaque but not into human T cells. These results suggest possible contribution of CypA to the determination of SIV tropism.
		Commentary How the DNA damage response determines the fate of HTLV-1 Tax-expressing cells Mathieu Boxus, Luc Willems Retrovirology 2012, 9:2 (5 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary How the Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax protein stimulates proliferation while triggering cell cycle arrest and senescence remains puzzling. There is also a debate about the ability of Tax to activate or inhibit the DNA damage response. Here, it is discussed how to rationalize apparently conflicting observations.
		Research The role of G Protein Gene GNB3 C825T Polymorphism in HIV-1 acquisition, progression and immune activation Jennifer A Juno, Jeffrey Tuff, Robert Choi, Catherine Card, Joshua Kimani, Charles Wachihi, Sandra Koesters-Kiazyk, T. Blake Ball, Carey Farquhar, Francis A Plummer, Grace John-Stewart, Ma Luo, Keith R Fowke Retrovirology 2012, 9:1 (3 January 2012) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary In contrast to previous reports, this study was unable to provide evidence to suggest that the GNB3 C825T polymorphism affects HIV-1 acquisition or disease progression within African populations. Ex vivo immune activation and plasma chemokine levels were similarly unaffected by GNB3 genotype in both HIV-1-negative and HIV-1-positive individuals.
		Research Mutations affecting interaction of integrase with TNPO3 do not prevent HIV-1 cDNA nuclear import Alexandra Cribier, Emmanuel Segeral, Olivier Delelis, Vincent Parissi, Aurelie Simon, Marc Ruff, Richard Benarous, Stephane Emiliani Retrovirology 2011, 8:104 (16 December 2011) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The functional analysis of HIV-1 IN mutants reveals distinct structural basis for TNPO3 interaction and suggests that the interaction between IN and TNPO3 is not a major determinant of nuclear import but could take place at a nuclear step prior to integration.
		Research HIV-1 Group P is unable to antagonize human tetherin by Vpu, Env or Nef Daniel Sauter, Stephane Hue, Sarah J Petit, Jean-Christophe Plantier, Greg J Towers, Frank Kirchhoff, Ravindra K Gupta Retrovirology 2011, 8:103 (15 December 2011) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The analyses of the two reported HIV-1 Group P viruses suggest that zoonosis occurred in the last 170 years and further support that pandemic HIV-1 Group M strains are better adapted to humans than non-pandemic or rare Group O, N and P viruses.
		Editorial The 2011 Retrovirology Prize winner Masao Matsuoka: forward looking and antisense Kuan-Teh Jeang Retrovirology 2011, 8:102 (15 December 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Masao Matsuoka wins the 2011 Retrovirology Prize
		Research The prototype HIV-1 maturation inhibitor, bevirimat, binds to the CA-SP1 cleavage site in immature Gag particles Albert T Nguyen, Christa L Feasley, Ken W Jackson, Theodore J Nitz, Karl Salzwedel, Gillian M Air, Michael Sakalian Retrovirology 2011, 8:101 (7 December 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This is the first demonstration of a direct interaction between the maturation inhibitor, bevirimat, and its target, Gag. Information gained from this study sheds light on the mechanisms by which the virus develops resistance to this class of drug and may aid in the design of next-generation maturation inhibitors.
		Research Functional impairment of Tax-specific but not cytomegalovirus-specific CD8⁺T lymphocytes in a minor population of asymptomatic human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-carriers Ayako Takamori, Atsuhiko Hasegawa, Atae Utsunomiya, Yasuhiro Maeda, Yoshihisa Yamano, Masato Masuda, Yukiko Shimizu, Yotaro Tamai, Amane Sasada, Na Zeng, Ilseung Choi, Naokuni Uike, Jun Okamura, Toshiki Watanabe, Takao Masuda, Mari Kannagi Retrovirology 2011, 8:100 (7 December 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This work indicates that Tax-specific CD8+ T-cells are scarce and dysfunctional not only in ATL patients but also in a limited asymptomatic carrier population, and that the dysfunction was selective for HTLV-1-specifc CD8+ T-cells in early stages.
		Research Inhibition of HIV-1 endocytosis allows lipid mixing at the plasma membrane, but not complete fusion Michelle de la Vega, Mariana Marin, Naoyuki Kondo, Kosuke Miyauchi, Yuri Kim, Raquel F Epand, Richard M Epand, Gregory B Melikyan Retrovirology 2011, 8:99 (6 December 2011) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Findings here support the notion that HIV-1 enters disparate cell types through fusion with endosomes. The block of HIV-1 fusion with the plasma membrane at a post-lipid mixing stage shows that this membrane is not conducive to fusion pore formation and/or enlargement.
		Research Inhibition of HIV-1 infection by TNPO3 depletion is determined by capsid and detectable after viral cDNA enters the nucleus Alberto De Iaco, Jeremy Luban Retrovirology 2011, 8:98 (6 December 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This work shows that TNPO3 promotes HIV-1 infectivity at a step in the virus life cycle that is detectable after the preintegration complex arrives in the nucleus and CA is the viral determinant for TNPO3 dependence.
		Research Prolonged control of replication-competent dual tropic human immunodeficiency virus-1 following cessation of highly active antiretroviral therapy Maria Salgado, S.Alireza Rabi, Karen A O'Connell, Robert W Buckheit, Justin R Bailey, Amina A Chaudhry, Autumn R Breaud, Mark A Marzinke, William Clarke, Joseph B Margolick, Robert F Siliciano, Joel N Blankson Retrovirology 2011, 8:97 (5 December 2011) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This report suggests that some patients may be capable of controlling pathogenic HIV-1 isolates for extended periods of time after the cessation of HAART through a mechanism that is distinct from the potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) mediated suppression that has been reported in many ES.
		Research Binding of more than one Tva800 molecule is required for ASLV-A entry Eleanor R Gray, Christopher JR Illingworth, John M Coffin, Jonathan P Stoye Retrovirology 2011, 8:96 (18 November 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary Previous studies have focussed on the multiplicity of viral envelope proteins needed to initiate entry. Avian sarcoma and leukosis virus Envelope protein (ASLV Env) mediates entry via a receptor, Tva, which can be attached to the cell surface either by a phospholipid anchor (Tva800) or a transmembrane domain (Tva950). This paper has investigated the number of target receptors necessary for entry of ASLV Env-pseudotyped virions.
		Research Human HERC5 restricts an early stage of HIV-1 assembly by a mechanism correlating with the ISGylation of Gag Matthew W Woods, Jenna N Kelly, Clayton J Hattlmann, Jessica GK Tong, Li S Xu, Macon D Coleman, Graeme R Quest, James R Smiley, Stephen D Barr Retrovirology 2011, 8:95 (17 November 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary HERC5 inhibited the replication of HIV-1 over multiple rounds of infection and was found to target a late stage of HIV-1 particle production. The E3 ligase activity of HERC5 was required for blocking HIV-1 Gag particle production and correlated with the post-translational modification of Gag with ISG15. HERC5 interacted with HIV-1 Gag.
		Research A whole genome screen for HIV restriction factors Li Liu, Nidia MM Oliveira, Kelly M Cheney, Corinna Pade, Hanna Dreja, Ann-Marie H Bergin, Viola Borgdorff, David H Beach, Cleo L Bishop, Matthias T Dittmar, Áine McKnight Retrovirology 2011, 8:94 (14 November 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This work screened 19,121 human genes and identified 114 factors with significant inhibition of HIV-1 infection. The authors focused on the PAF1 complex for its restriction activity.
		Research TRIM5alpha associates with proteasomal subunits in cells while in complex with HIV-1 virions Zana Lukic, Stephane Hausmann, Sarah Sebastian, Justin Rucci, Jaya Sastri, Seth L Robia, Jeremy Luban, Edward M Campbell Retrovirology 2011, 8:93 (12 November 2011) Abstract \| Provisional PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This paper provides evidence that localization of the proteasome to TRIM5alpha cytoplasmic bodies makes an important contribution to TRIM5alpha-mediated restriction.
		Research Residual HIV-1 DNA Flap-independent nuclear import of cPPT/CTS double mutant viruses does not support spreading infection Candela Iglesias, Mathieu Ringeard, Francesca Di Nunzio, Juliette Fernandez, Raphael Gaudin, Philippe Souque, Pierre Charneau, Nathalie Arhel Retrovirology 2011, 8:92 (10 November 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary This work establishes that the central DNA Flap is required for HIV-1 spreading infection but points to a residual DNA Flap independent nuclear import, whose functional significance remains unclear since it is not sufficient to support viral replication.
		Short report An autoimmune disease prevented by anti-retroviral drugs Gabriele B Beck-Engeser, Dan Eilat, Matthias Wabl Retrovirology 2011, 8:91 (8 November 2011) Abstract \| Full text \| PDF \| PubMed \| Editor’s summary The findings in this paper suggest that retroelements contribute to this hereditary form of autoimmunity, and that treatment with retroelement inhibitors might ameliorate Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome in humans.