Table 1 |
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Myeloid lineage cell types and their potential roles and proposed mechanisms in HIV-1 latency |
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| Cell types |
Primary Locations |
Cellular markers |
Potential role in HIV latency and proposed mechanisms |
References |
|
|
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| Monocytes |
Peripheral blood |
CD14++ or CD16+CD14+ |
YES, but possibly mainly in CD16+ cells • Restricted HIV-1 replication at different steps of viral life-cycle • Low molecular weight APOBEC3G (CD16+ only) • Low level or undetectable Cyclin T1 • Impaired phosphorylation of CDK9 |
[10-12,87-92,94] |
|
|
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| Macrophages |
Mucosal surface/tissues |
CD14- EMR1+ CD68+ |
NO • High level Cyclin T1 • Phosphorylation of CDK9 and active P-TEFb |
[14,18,94,97] |
|
|
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| Myeloid DCs |
Peripheral blood (immature) Lymph node (mature) |
CD11c+ CD123- BDCA1+ |
YES • Low level virus replication • Lymph node biopsies reveal presence • Unknown mechanism |
[101,107,112] |
|
|
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| Plasmacytoid DCs |
Peripheral blood (immature) Lymph node (mature) |
CD11c- CD123+ BDCA2+ BDCA4+ |
Unlikely • Inhibiting HIV-1 replication through the secretion of IFNα and an unidentified small molecule • Unknown mechanism |
[49,50,101] |
|
|
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| Langerhans cells |
Mucosal surface and epidermal tissue |
CD1a+ Langerin+ |
Unlikely • Langerin inhibits virus transmission and enhances virus take-up and degradation • May act differently in co-infections |
[40,41,113] |
|
|
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|
EMR1, epidermal growth factor module-containing mucin-like receptor 1 (a G-protein coupled receptor); BDCA, blood DC antigen. |
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|
Coleman and Wu Retrovirology 2009 6:51 doi:10.1186/1742-4690-6-51 |
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